1. Cutting device: located at the front end of the harvester, equipped with sharp blades for cutting mature wheat plants. Cutting devices are usually designed to be adjustable in height to accommodate crops of different heights.

2. Feeding device: The cut crops are fed into the main body of the harvester, usually including a conveyor belt and a feeding drum, to ensure that the crops enter the subsequent processing process smoothly and evenly.

3. Threshing device: One of the core components, which separates crop seeds from straw through the friction between the high-speed rotating threshing drum and the fixed concave plate. The design of the threshing device directly affects the threshing efficiency and grain damage rate.

4. Separation device: The mixture of seeds, short grass, and debris generated during the threshing process is preliminarily separated. There are two common types: fan type and vibrating screen type. The former uses airflow to separate substances of different weights, while the latter uses vibrating screen to screen particles of different sizes.

5. Cleaning device: Further remove impurities from the seeds to ensure their purity. Common cleaning methods include fan cleaning, vibration cleaning, and magnetic cleaning, among which fan cleaning is the most common. The cleaning effect is controlled by adjusting the fan air volume.

6. Grain box: used to collect and temporarily store clean seeds that have been cleaned, and the capacity size depends on the model and purpose of the harvester.

7. Control System: Modern harvesters are generally equipped with advanced electronic control systems, including an operating panel in the cab, sensor networks, and GPS positioning systems, used to monitor work status, adjust work parameters, and achieve automatic navigation and other functions.

When the harvester is operating in the field, the cutting device first cuts the wheat plants, and then the feeding device feeds the crops into the harvester. After the crops enter the threshing device, the force between the high-speed rotating threshing drum and the fixed concave plate separates the seeds from the straw. The separated mixture then enters the separation device and, with the assistance of a fan or vibrating screen, separates the seeds from short grass, debris, etc. Next, the cleaning device further removes impurities from the seeds to ensure their purity. Finally, clean grains are sent to grain bins for storage, while straw and residues are thrown back into the field as organic fertilizers and returned to the soil.